Characterizing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa : why and how? -- Injecting drug users and HIV -- Men who have sex with men and HIV -- Commercial sex and HIV -- Potential bridging populations and HIV -- General population and HIV -- Further evidence related to HIV epidemiology in MENA -- Condom knowledge and use and HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes -- HIV/AIDS and vulnerability settings -- Proxy biological markers of sexual risk behavior -- Analytical insights into HIV transmission dynamics and epidemic potential in MENA -- Snapshot on response to HIV epidemic in MENA : linking evidence with policy and programmatic action to avert the epidemic -- Summary of recommendations.